Complexity Theory - Cryptograp essays

Complexity Theory - Cryptograp essays One important, yet practical, application of complexity theory is cryptography. It has become one of the main tools for privacy, trust, electronic payments, and other forms of security. It is no longer just a military tool and the advantages it provides should be used to the fullest extent. This paper will discuss basic terminology and popular methods of cryptography. Cryptography is the science of scrambling text so that no one can read it except for the intended recipient. The art of breaking ciphers without the proper key is called cryptanalysis. Cryptography deals with the secure message, digital signatures, authentication, and other similar applications. Cryptology is the branch of mathematics that studies the foundation of cryptographic methods. The process of transforming plaintext into a form that is meaningless to anyone that might intercept it is called encryption. The process of decoding the message is called decryption. This can be done by using an encryption algorithm, a decryption algorithm, and a secret or private key. The sender uses the encryption algorithm to encode the message, and the receiver uses the decryption algorithm and the key to decode the message. A third party intercepting the encoded message will have worthless data unless they can figure out the decryption algorithm and obtain a key. To best ensure that the key is kept safely out of the hands of the third party it is never to be sent with the encoded message. The study of cryptography dates back thousands of years to the hieroglyphs of early Egyptian civilization. Cryptography has been used by such figures as Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, Louis XIV and Mary Queen of Scots. More recently, Alan Turing, the inventor of the Turing machine, led a group of British mathematicians who broke the German code used in World War II for sending instructions to U-boats patrolling the Atlantic Ocean. One of the simplest cryptographic algorithms ever ...

Introducing Examples

Introducing Examples Introducing Examples Introducing Examples By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked me about my use of the abbreviation Ex. Does [Ex.] mean for example? Ive only known one abbreviation and thats eg. If that is the case can you please explain where eg came from? Sometimes I use Ex. to mean â€Å"for example† or â€Å"an example.† Sometimes I spell out â€Å"for example.† And when I’m feeling academic, I use e.g. to introduce a list of examples. E.g. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase exempli gratia, â€Å"for the sake of example.† In US usage, a comma always follows the abbreviation, but in British usage, a comma after e.g. is optional. In this article, e.g. is written in italics because I’m writing about it. In normal use, the abbreviation is written in roman type: e.g. In the old days, before handy Latin shortcuts were perceived as â€Å"elitist and discriminatory, â€Å"writers threw in e.g. without restriction. Nowadays, style guides impose limitations. The Chicago Manual of Style advises that if e.g. is used in â€Å"running text,† it should be â€Å"confined to parentheses or notes.† Writing in 1926, Fowler (Modern English Usage) didn’t put any restrictions on the use of e.g., but in 1965, his editor, Ernest Gowers, added this advice: [The abbreviation e.g.] should be reserved for footnotes or very concise writing; in open prose it is better to write â€Å"for example.† The most unkindest cut of all regarding the use of e.g. and its ilk came to my attention in 2008 when I read an article in the London Telegraph about a movement in Britain to purge English of such long-established Latin shortcuts: Local authorities have ordered employees to stop using [Latin terms] on documents and when communicating with members of the public and to rely on wordier alternatives instead. The terms to be dropped in official documents included bona fide, ad lib, etc., ad hoc, i.e., per se, quid pro quo, vice versa, via, and status quo. Among the replacement recommendations were â€Å"existing condition† or â€Å"state of things† for status quo, and â€Å"for this special purpose† in place of ad hoc. Here’s the rationale offered by Bournemouth Council: Not everyone knows Latin. Many readers do not have English as their first language so using Latin can be particularly difficult. ESL learners shouldn’t have more difficulty than Latinless native speakers when it comes to learning the traditional Latin shortcuts. All they have to do is look them up in an English dictionary. However, we live in an age that bows before ignorance. Governing authorities and schools seem to feel that eliminating â€Å"hard words† is more desirable than taking the trouble to teach them. As for my use of the abbreviations e.g. and Ex., the only time I choose e.g. is in running text to introduce a short list of things or people to illustrate a concept: I especially love the nineteenth-century novelists, e.g., Herman Melville, Mrs. Gaskill, and George Eliot. And I don’t always put the e.g. bit in parentheses. Related post: The Difference Between e.g. and i.e.? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingWriting a Thank You Note

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Homework - Essay Example Everybody should be very keen with the code of ethics that the respective field of work demands to maintain confidence and respect with the target clients. For instance, photojournalism has been a field of discussion because of bleach of ethics as the field has very many clients. The photos that they present on the media have drawn a wide range of comments with most people condemning the act. The field has damaged its reputation for the awkward photos on the media that do not respect the feelings of the viewers and the readers. It is high time that the state governments should put strategies that will help restructure photojournalism to ensure that the journalists observe ethics in the fields. In conclusion, photojournalism has been a topic of discussion for all wrong reasons because of failure by the field experts to observe ethics in their work. Therefore, to curb this uncouth behavior by the photojournalists the authorities should take strict measures to rebuild the lost reputation in this

Organisational Transformation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organisational Transformation - Dissertation Example A 7S framework furnishes a method for accomplishing essential change and involves managers and companies to manage their hard work around seven major elements which include structure, systems, style, staff, skills, strategy and shared values. It essentially offers a manager with a procedure to ensure that all these essentials are carefully thought of and that they are in their accurate structure (Amelio & Simon, 1995, pp.173-175). If these seven elements are considered and related to the given case study, then it can be understood that the emergence of modern technologies has impacted these elements leading to employee dissatisfaction. Owing to the introduction of new technologies, there have been changes in the system and style of working, change in the structure of procedure that was earlier followed, which in turn affected the skills of the staff, ultimately impacting the overall strategy and the shared values in the organization. A SWOT analysis being a â€Å"comprehensive inter nal analysis instrument to process company internal and external information† brings out a company’s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external business opportunities and threats (Bohm, 2009, p.1). Conducting a SWOT analysis on the current situation of the Health Clinic, the major strength of the organization is found to be the availability of modern technology. It can also be considered as an opportunity for the organization to utilize this strength for better performance. However, the major weakness for the clinic lies in the inability of the management to introduce such technology, thereby explaining its rationality so that employees are able to accept it creating greater job satisfaction. As from the case study, it can be realized that the major reasons for employee dissatisfaction included underutilization of their work, insufficient communication, uneven distribution of work, and improper treatment. These are different weaknesses on the part of the mana gement which impacted the technologists. PESTEL is another model that provides a useful analytical framework to identify and examine the environmental impacts of political, economic, sociological, technological, ecological, and legal factors on an organization (Campbell & Craig, 2005, pp.501-502). The case study clearly reflects the impacts of the technological factors on the organization as new and modern technologies leading to job changes have created job dissatisfaction among the employees. The report would give a detailed analysis on the introduction of the Organizational Development Program to overcome such problems, the methods applied, and the outcomes thereof, thus trying to recommend certain steps for betterment. Literature Review: Organizational Development (OD) Defined: Organizational Development covers a broad variety of activities. Henceforth, there are a number of definitions of OD that exist. For example, according to Warner Bruke, OD is a â€Å"planned process of c hange in an organization’s culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research, and theory†. Wendell French focused on long term interests and use of consultants and defined OD as a â€Å"long range effort to improve an organization’s problem-solving capabilities and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external or internal behavioral-scientist consultants, or change agents†

Young Offenders Act :: Free Essay Writer

I am writing this essay on the Young Offenders Act for a few reasons. One being that I am a special agent sent from the future keep the fate of this Grade 11 English credit comfortably in Justin Faviere's upcoming report card. Secondly, I am trying to educate people who may not be aware of the benefits of the Act, or simply disagree with my opinion that the Young Offenders Act is a crucial part of our judicial system, regardless of it's imperfections. And last but not least, so I can educate myself on other people's ideas as to why they think that we should not have a Young Offenders Act. At the beginning of my freefall known as `teenhood' I commited many crimes, and participated in many criminal activities. However, as I think back to them now, I regret each and every one. I have had sleep overs in juvenile jail, and worked many community service hours. I wish that I had never participated in these criminal acts, however, luckily to the young offenders act, I was given the chance to put my stupidity behind me and have my criminal record deleted now that I am the age of majority, and not have the burden of my childish mistakes lingering over my shoulder for the rest of my life. If there was no such thing as the young offenders act, I would most likely be turned down for most jobs, for I know as a fact, that my work place at the present time (and many others) wouldn't hire someone with a criminal record. I ask everyone reading this, not to think of this as only law. I would like all of you to think of the youths as individual people, that have a bright future ahead of them, after they make the decision to change and mature to the next step of the game of life. Though the individual may be currently stuck in the brain cloud of teenhood, as most people are at some point over those trying years, I am a firm believer in the idea that anyone can change if they want to and the Young offenders Act gives those people that chance to put it completely behind them. I definitely think that punishments should fit their crimes and their are some that need to be a little more leanient and some that need to be toughened up.

African National Identities Essay

In Jonathan Zimmerman’s essay â€Å"African National Identities Can’t Be Built on Soccer Fever† he describes how soccer brings the people of Africa together. He talks about the unity of Africans and how much soccer is a part of their lives. He also describes the underlying reason of why soccer is so heavily pushed. The perspective in the essay â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye† Tim Bowling discusses his passion for hockey and his hate for the violence. Both show the passion countrymen have for their sports as well as the ugly side of the sport as well. In â€Å"Na Na Na Na, Hey Hey, Goodbye†, Bowling describes how hockey was one of his loves and how over time that has changed. He describes how there is a good and bad side to hockey. The positives being the skill the players display on the ice and the enthusiasm fans show during the playoffs. The negatives being the violence in the game and the business side of the NHL. He says, â€Å"[E]ven if expansion and relentless marketing (just how many jerseys can one team have?) have conspired to water down the talents and glaciate the pace of play† (Bowling, 213). Bowling explains how the sport has become so rough that everything is overlooked and tolerated. He says, â€Å"†¦and in which a star player like Todd Bertuzzi can jump an opponent from behind, breaking his neck and not be universally vilified for his actions, but rather become the particular hero of Vancouver Canucks hockey fans† (Bowling,213). In comparison Zimmerman writes about how popular soccer is among Africans and how everyone ‘speaks football’ (Zimmerman, 345). He also writes about the negativity surrounding the sport. He says that one of the reasons soccer is so strongly pushed is so the government can hide its wrongdoings. He says, â€Å"Even worse, some governments use sports to divert attention from their own misdeeds† (Zimmerman, 346). Zimmerman also states that the sport has allowed tyrants to ‘bolster their power’ (Zimmerman, 345), using Idi Amin as an example. Though their writings show similarity in the negativity that surround these sports, their essays differ for the feelings the writers feel now. Bowling refuses to watch hockey, whereas, Zimmerman still has a passion for the sport. For Bowling the sport has been ruined by the violence, the marketing, and the ways it has changed from a sport to business. He says, â€Å" When I was a boy, the boards, ice, and score clock were free of advertising; goals and assists meant more than salaries; and players and teams had distinct character† (Bowling,215). For Bowling, he was still looking for the same sport that he watched growing up, what he sees today, he does not recognize. According to him young boys are being sexually abused by coaches, players are badly hurting others and people like Don Cherry are exploiting others for a good laugh. He sees violence everywhere in the sport now, not the good, old, pure sportsmanship he saw growing up. He also says, â€Å"Why should I follow a sport whose foundation in this country is made of blood and beer and an empty rhetoric around outdated and destructive notions of patriotism and manhood† (Bowling, 215). He loves the sport but cannot support what has become of it. Zimmerman shares the love for soccer as other Africans, he says, â€Å"my heart will break too, if Ghana fails to win the Africa Cup† (Zimmerman, 346). He wishes for the best, for both the country and the sport. He doesn’t want them to build an identity around soccer, because if they one day lose, it will break the whole nation. They will have nothing to fall back on. In both essays the fans show support for their national sports and this is what brings them together. Zimmerman says that Africans hand their future on sports and Bowling says that hockey is nothing but violence and business. They both make valid points in their essays, they show the positives of their sports, and then show the negative sides to their passion as well. Bowling, Tim. † Na Na Na Na , Hey Hey Hey, Goodbye†. Essay Writing for Canadian Students with Readings.7th ed. Editors Chris Bullock, Kay L.Stewart, Laura K. Davis. Toronto: Pearson Canada Inc., 2013.211-216.Print. Zimmerman, Jonathan.’ ‘African National Identities Can’t Be Built on Soccer Fever† Essay Writing for Canadian Students with Readings.7th ed. Editors Chris Bullock, Kay L.Stewart, Laura K. Davis. Toronto: Pearson Canada Inc., 2013.345-346.Print

Comparison of Different Organizational Structures

Organizational structure For any organization to be effective there has to be an effective organizational structure in place. An organizational structure is therefore a typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. In other words it is a form of structure that determines the hierarchy and reporting structure in the organization. In lay mans language it is referred to as organizational chart. An organizational structure that is well thought out and strategic helps support good processes for communication and also clarifies the lines of authority that are in existence and reporting relationships so that to assure the work processes flow in a defined process. There are different types of organizational structures that can be classified using different criteria. These organizational structures can be adopted by different organizations (Ingram, 2012). Decisions on the specific organizational structure that an organization adopts are from the senio r management, they also determine the natural reporting relationships and chain of command. These decisions are determined by the objectives and strategy of the organization. These reporting relationships can be both vertical as well as horizontal. These structures help in coordination, controlling and act as a tool for motivation of employees toward the organizations goals. This paper will look at a comparison of different organizational structure that can beShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Paper1161 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structure Paper MGT 230 Organizational Structure Paper The selected organization for the topic is AAA Remodeling AAA Remodeling is a construction company that focuses on remodeling of residential homes along with weatherization on commercial and residential buildings. Description of organizational structure of AAA remodeling will be given. 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